1000BaseTX - 1000 Mbps over 2-pair category 6 or better UTP cable.1000BaseT - 1000 Mbps over 2-pair category 5 or better UTP cable.(see the Cabling section for more information). It can be used with both fiber optic cabling and copper. Gigabit Ethernet standard is a protocol that has a transmission speed of 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps). 100BaseBX - 100 Mbps over single mode fiber cable.100BaseSX -100 Mbps over multimode fiber cable.100BaseT - 100 Mbps over 2-pair category 5 or better UTP cable.In addition, category 5 twisted pair or fiber optic cable is necessary. Fast Ethernet requires the use of different, more expensive network concentrators/hubs and network interface cards. The Fast Ethernet protocol supports transmission up to 100 Mbps.
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Fiber cable can also be used at this level in 10BaseFL.
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The number (10, 100, 1000) ands for the speed of transmission (10/100/1000 megabits per second) the "Base" stands for "baseband" meaning it has full control of the wire on a single frequency and the "T" stands for "twisted pair" cable. Common twisted pair standards are 10BaseT, 100BaseT, and 1000BaseT. The current standards are now built around the use of twisted pair wire. This heavy coaxial cabling was expensive to purchase, install, and maintain, and very difficult to retrofit into existing facilities. The Ethernet protocol allows for bus, star, or tree topologies, depending on the type of cables used and other factors. The original Ethernet standard was developed in 1983 and had a maximum speed of 10 Mbps (phenomenal at the time) over coaxial cable. However, the delay caused by collisions and retransmitting is very small and does not normally effect the speed of transmission on the network. With this access method, it is normal to have collisions. Each computer then backs off and waits a random amount of time before attempting to retransmit. Sometimes, two computers attempt to transmit at the same instant. If some other node is already transmitting on the cable, the computer will wait and try again when the line is clear. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit. This is a system where each computer listens to the cable before sending anything through the network. Ethernet uses an access method called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection). The data link layer of the network addresses the way that data packets are sent from one node to another. (See the Cabling section for more information on Ethernet standards related to the physical layer). bus, etc.), the maximum length of cables, etc. For example, an Ethernet network (such as 10BaseT or 100BaseTX) specifies the type of cables that can be used, the optimal topology (star vs. By far the most common protocol used at the physical layer is Ethernet. The physical layer of the network focuses on hardware elements, such as cables, repeaters, and network interface cards. HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, and DNS(combined Session/Presentation/Application Layers)Īssuming you want to send an e-mail message to someone in Italy, we will examine the layers "from the bottom up" - beginning with Ethernet (physical/data link layers).In this model, there are four layers, including: OSI model related to common network protocolsįigure 1 illustrates how some of the major protocols would correlate to the OSI model in order to communicate via the Internet.
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The complexity of these layers is beyond the scope of this tutorial however, they can be simplified into four layers to help identify some of the protocols with which you should be familiar (see fig 1).įig 1. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model defines seven layers of networking protocols. Many different types of network protocols and standards are required to ensure that your computer (no matter which operating system, network card, or application you are using) can communicate with another computer located on the next desk or half-way around the world. In order for two computers to talk to each other, they must be speaking the same language. A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.